Fasteners are made from various materials, each with specific grades that dictate their mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and suitability for different applications. Below are some common material grades used in fasteners:

1.⁠ ⁠Carbon Steel

2.⁠ ⁠Alloy Steel

3.⁠ ⁠Stainless Steel

4.⁠ ⁠Brass

5.⁠ ⁠Bronze

6.⁠ ⁠Aluminum

7.⁠ ⁠Titanium

8.⁠ ⁠Hastelloy

9.⁠ ⁠Tool Steel

10.⁠ ⁠Copper

11.⁠ ⁠High-Temperature Alloys

12.⁠ ⁠Waspaloy

13.⁠ ⁠PTFE (Teflon)

Standards

Coating & Surface Finish

Fasteners, such as Bolts, Screws, Nuts and Washers, can have various types of coatings and platings to enhance their performance, durability, and resistance to corrosion.

Coatings:

1. Zinc coating: Electroplated or hot-dipped zinc for corrosion resistance.

2. Chromate coating: A layer of chromium and oxygen for corrosion resistance and lubricity.

3. Epoxy coating: A thick, protective layer for harsh environments.

4. Polymer coating: A flexible, abrasion-resistant layer.

5. Ceramic coating: A hard, wear-resistant layer.

Platings:

1. Zinc plating: Electroplated zinc for corrosion resistance.

2. Chromium plating: A thin, hard layer for wear resistance and corrosion protection.

3. Nickel plating: A corrosion-resistant layer, often used for high-temperature applications.

4. Cadmium plating: A corrosion-resistant layer, often used for marine or high-humidity environments.

5. Silver plating: A conductive layer for electrical applications.

6. Gold plating: A conductive, corrosion-resistant layer for high-reliability applications.

7. Tin plating: A corrosion-resistant layer, often used for solderability.

8. Copper plating: A conductive layer for electrical applications.

Specialized coatings and platings:

1. Galvanizing: A hot-dipped zinc coating for corrosion resistance.

2. Sherardizing: A hot-dipped zinc coating for corrosion resistance.

3. Electroless nickel plating: A corrosion-resistant layer, often used for high-wear applications.

4. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating: A hard, wear-resistant layer.

5. Titanium nitride (TiN) coating: A hard, wear-resistant layer. These coatings and platings can enhance the performance, durability, and corrosion resistance of fasteners, making them suitable for various applications, including construction, automotive, aerospace, and more.

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